אמר רבי יוחנן ושניהם מקרא אחד דרשו ויבאו הכהנים לפנימה בית ה׳ לטהר ויוציאו את כל הטומאה אשר מצאו בהיכל ה׳ לחצר בית ה׳ ויקבלו הלוים להוציא לנחל קדרון חוצה

Rabbi Yoḥanan said: Both of them, Rabbi Shimon ben Nannas and Rabbi Akiva, derived their opinions from the same verse: “ And the priests went into the inner part of the House of God, to cleanse it, and they brought out all the impurity that they found in the Temple of God into the courtyard of the House of God. And the Levites took it, to carry it out to the brook of Kidron” (II Chronicles 29:16).

מר סבר מדאשתני בעזרה בלוים טומאה בעזרה ליכא

One Sage, Rabbi Shimon Ben Nannas, maintains: As there was a change from the priests who removed the ritual impurity from the inner part of the Temple to the Levites, who took over in the courtyard, this indicates that there is no obligation to remove impurity in the courtyard, and consequently the priests are not required to do so.

ומר סבר עד היכא דלא אפשר בלוים מפקי כהנים השתא דאפשר בלוים תו לא מטמאי כהנים

And one Sage, Rabbi Akiva, maintains: Up to where it is impossible for the task to be performed by the Levites, as it is prohibited for Levites to enter the Sanctuary, the priests took it out. However, now in the courtyard, where it is possible for the ritual impurity to be removed by the Levites, the priests no longer render themselves ritually impure, as they are prohibited from maintaining contact with ritual impurity for any longer than necessary. That is to say, the Levites removed it from any place where they were permitted to enter.

תנו רבנן הכל נכנסין בהיכל לבנות לתקן ולהוציא את הטומאה ומצוה בכהנים אם אין שם כהנים נכנסין לוים אין שם לוים נכנסין ישראלים ואידי ואידי טהורין אין טמאין לא

The Sages taught in a baraita:

It is permitted for everyone to enter the Sanctuary to build, to repair, or to remove impurity from inside. However, wherever possible, the mitzva is for these tasks to be performed by priests. If no priests are available, Levites enter; if no Levites are available, Israelites enter. In both cases, if they are ritually pure, yes, they may enter, but if they are impure, no, they may not enter the holy place.

אמר רב הונא רב כהנא מסייע כהני דתני רב כהנא מתוך שנאמר אך אל הפרוכת לא יבא יכול לא יהו כהנים בעלי מומין נכנסין בין האולם ולמזבח לעשות ריקועי פחים

Rav Huna said: Rav Kahana, who was a priest, supports priests by emphasizing their special sanctity. As Rav Kahana taught in a baraita:

Since it is stated with regard to a priest who has a physical blemish,“ Only he shall not go in unto the veil, nor come near to the altar, because he has a blemish, that he profane not My holy places; for I am the Lord who sanctifies them” (Leviticus 21:23), I might have thought that priests with blemishes may not enter the area between the Entrance Hall and the altar to manufacture beaten plates of gold for the Holy of Holies.

תלמוד לומר אך חלק מצוה בתמימים אין שם תמימים נכנסין בעלי מומין מצוה בטהורין אין שם טהורין נכנסין טמאין אידי ואידי כהנים אין ישראלים לא

Therefore the verse teaches“ only” as an expression of exclusion, which means that there is a distinction here: Although the mitzva should be performed with unblemished priests ab initio, if no unblemished priests are available, blemished ones may enter. Likewise, it is the duty of ritually pure priests; if no pure priests are available, impure ones may enter. In both cases, if they are priests, yes, they may enter, but if they are Israelites, no, they may not enter the holy place. According to Rav Kahana, ritually impure priests take precedence over ritually pure Israelites.

איבעיא להו טמא ובעל מום איזו מהן נכנס רב חייא בר אשי אמר רב טמא נכנס דהא אישתרי בעבודת ציבור רבי אלעזר אומר בעל מום נכנס דהא אישתרי באכילת קדשים:

A dilemma was raised before the Sages: If one priest is ritually impure and another has a blemish, which of them should enter to perform repairs? Rav Ḥiyya bar Ashi said that Rav said: The impure one should enter, as he is permitted to participate in communal service. If the entire community is ritually impure, even impure priests may perform the service, whereas blemished priests may not serve under any circumstances. Rabbi Elazar says: The one with the blemish should enter, as he is permitted to eat consecrated foods, which indicates that he retains the sanctity of the priesthood despite his blemish. The Gemara leaves this question unresolved.

רבי שמעון אומר וכו׳: רבי שמעון היכא קאי התם קאי דתנן מי שהחשיך חוץ לתחום אפילו אמה אחת לא יכנס רבי שמעון אומר אפילו חמש עשרה אמה יכנס לפי שאין המשוחות ממצעין את המדות מפני הטועים

We learned in the mishna that Rabbi Shimon says: Wherever the Sages permitted an action to you, they granted you only from your own. The Gemara asks: With regard to Rabbi Shimon, on the basis of what mishna did he formulate this principle? The Gemara answers: He taught this principle on the basis of the mishna there, as we learned: With regard to one for whom it grew dark while he was outside the Shabbat limit, even if he was only one cubit outside the limit he may not enter the town. Rabbi Shimon says: Even if he was fifteen cubits outside the limit, he may enter the town, because when the surveyors mark the Shabbat limit, they do not measure precisely. Rather they position the boundary mark within the two-thousand-cubit limit, because of those who err.

דקאמר תנא קמא לא יכנס ואמר ליה רבי שמעון יכנס:

With regard to that which the first tanna said, i. e., that he may not enter, Rabbi Shimon said to the tanna: He may enter. His reason, as stated, is that the limit does in fact extend that far, as any area the Sages granted to a person was actually permitted to him by Torah law.

שלא התירו לך אלא משום שבות: היכא קאי התם קאי דקאמר תנא קמא קושרה ואמר ליה רבי שמעון עונבה

Rabbi Shimon further said: As they permitted to you only activities prohibited due to rabbinic decree, but not actions prohibited by Torah law. The Gemara asks: On the basis of what teaching did he formulate this principle? The Gemara answers: He taught it on the basis of the mishna there, where the first tanna said with regard to a harp string in the Temple that broke on Shabbat, that one may tie it with a knot, and Rabbi Shimon said: He may form only a bow.

עניבה דלא אתי לידי חיוב חטאת שרו ליה רבנן קשירה דאתי לידי חיוב חטאת לא שרו ליה רבנן:

The reason why only forming a bow is permitted, is that it cannot lead to liability for a sin-offering, as forming a bow cannot constitute a violation of the category of the prohibited labor of tying. Consequently, the Sages permitted it. However, with regard to tying a knot, which can lead to liability for a sin-offering when performed outside the Temple, the Sages did not permit it, as Rabbi Shimon maintains that the Sages permitted only activities whose prohibition involves a rabbinic decree.

הדרן עלך המוצא תפילין וסליקא לה מסכת עירובין