לא אמר ולא כלום אמר לה לשפחתו הרי את מותרת לכל אדם לא אמר ולא כלום

he has said nothing, as this statement is not a valid expression of divorce. Similarly, if a master said to his female Canaanite slave upon emancipating her: You are hereby permitted to any man, he has not said anything.

אמר לה לאשתו הרי את לעצמך מהו מי אמרינן למלאכה קאמר לה או דילמא לגמרי קאמר לה

The Gemara addresses a less straightforward case: If a man said to his wife: You are hereby for yourself, what is the halakha? Do we say that he said this to her only with regard to work? In other words, he might have meant that she may keep her earnings. Or perhaps he said to her that she is on her own entirely, i. e., she is divorced.

אמר ליה רבינא לרב אשי תא שמע דתניא גופו של גט שחרור הרי אתה בן חורין הרי אתה לעצמך השתא ומה עבד כנעני דקני ליה גופיה כי אמר ליה הרי אתה לעצמך לגמרי קאמר ליה אשה דלא קני ליה גופה לא כל שכן

Ravina said to Rav Ashi: Come and hear a proof, as it is taught in a baraita:

The essence of a bill of manumission is the expression: You are hereby a freeman, or: You are hereby for yourself. Now consider, if in the case of a Canaanite slave, whose body belongs to the master, even so, when the master says to him: You are hereby for yourself, this is considered as though he said to him that he is entirely on his own and is freed, then all the more so is it not clear that a wife, whose body is not owned by her husband, is divorced by means of this expression?

אמר ליה רבינא לרב אשי אמר לעבדו אין לי עסק בך מאי מי אמרינן אין לי עסק בך לגמרי קאמר ליה או דילמא למלאכה קאמר ליה

With regard to the same issue, Ravina said to Rav Ashi: If one said to his Canaanite slave: I have no business with you, what is the halakha? Do we say that when he said to him: I have no business with you, he meant entirely, and therefore the slave is freed? Or did he perhaps say this to him with regard to labor? In other words, it is possible that the master is relieving the slave of his obligation to perform labor without actually emancipating him from slavery.

אמר ליה רב נחמן לרב אשי ואמרי לה רב חנין מחוזאה לרב אשי תא שמע המוכר עבדו לנכרי יצא לחירות וצריך גט שחרור מרבו ראשון

Rav Naḥman said to Rav Ashi, and some say Rav Ḥanin from Meḥoza said to Rav Ashi: Come and hear: With regard to one who sells his Canaanite slave to a gentile, the slave is emancipated but nevertheless requires a bill [get] of manumission from his first master. In this manner the Sages penalized this owner for preventing the slave from fulfilling the mitzvot in which he is obligated.

אמר רבן שמעון בן גמליאל במה דברים אמורים שלא כתב עליו אונו אבל כתב עליו אונו זהו שחרורו היכי דמי אונו אמר רב ששת דכתב ליה כשתברח ממנו אין לי עסק בך

Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says in addition to this: In what case is this statement said? This is referring to a situation where he did not write a document [ono] for the slave when he sold him to the gentile. But if he wrote a document for him, this itself is his emancipation. The Gemara asks: What are the circumstances of this document? Rav Sheshet said that he writes to him: When you escape from him I have no business with you. This indicates that the formula: I have no business with you, is a valid expression of emancipation.

אמר אביי המקדש במלוה אינה מקודשת בהנאת מלוה מקודשת ואסור לעשות כן מפני הערמת רבית

§ Abaye says: With regard to one who betroths a woman with a loan, i. e., he previously lent this woman money and he now says that she is betrothed to him by means of that loan, she is not betrothed. The reason is that a woman can be betrothed only through her acceptance of money, or an item that has monetary value, at the time of the betrothal. Although this woman owes the man money, at the time the man states that she is betrothed to him, the loan is not in fact money but an obligation. Therefore, he does not actually give her anything at the time of the betrothal. By contrast, if he betroths her by means of the benefit of the loan, she is betrothed. But it is prohibited to do so, due to the fact that betrothing a woman via the benefit of a loan is an artifice used to circumvent the prohibition of receiving interest, as this enables the husband to gain an additional benefit from the loan.

האי הנאת מלוה היכי דמי אילימא דאזקפה דאמר לה ארבע בחמשה הא רבית מעלייתא הוא ועוד היינו מלוה

The Gemara clarifies: What is meant by this term: The ben efit of the loan? If we say that it means that he established interest upon it when she took the loan, e. g., he said to her that he is lending her four coins in exchange for the repayment of five, and he betroths her by releasing her from the obligation to pay this additional coin, this is a case of full-fledged interest, not merely an artifice used to circumvent the prohibition of receiving interest. He is receiving full payment of the loan and an additional benefit. And furthermore, when he releases her from the obligation to pay this additional coin, he is simply forgoing another obligation she has toward him; he is not giving her anything. This is like a regular case of a betrothal with a loan, and therefore she should not be betrothed.

לא צריכא דארווח לה זימנא

The Gemara answers: No, it is necessary in a case where he extended the time of the loan for her. When the time for her to repay the loan arrived he extended the deadline and betrothed her with the financial benefit she receives from the extra time he is giving her to use the money. In this case he does betroth her with the value he is giving her at that time, but it is similar to interest, as it is included in the prohibition of interest to pay the creditor for an extension of the time of a loan.

אמר רבא הילך מנה על מנת שתחזירהו לי במכר לא קנה באשה אינה מקודשת בפדיון הבן אין בנו פדוי

§ Rava says: With regard to one who says to another: Here are one hundred dinars for you that I am giving you on the condition that you return them to me, if he gave these one hundred dinars as part of a purchase, he does not acquire the item, as he has not given the seller any money. And similarly, with regard to a woman, if he gave her money for her betrothal on the condition that she return it, she is not betrothed. If one gave money in this manner for the redemption of his firstborn son, for which a priest must receive five sela, his son is not redeemed.

בתרומה יצא ידי נתינה ואסור לעשות כן מפני שנראה ככהן המסייע בבית הגרנות

If one does this with regard to teruma, i. e., he gives produce to a priest as teruma on the condition that it will be returned, he has technically fulfilled his obligation of giving. Once he gets the teruma back it belongs to him, as he is the original owner, and although it is prohibited for him to partake of it, as he is a non-priest, he may sell it to a different priest. But it is prohibited to do this, i. e., give teruma in this manner, ab initio, because this priest receiving the teruma appears like a priest who assists at the threshing floor, as he presumably agrees to this arrangement in return for some gain.

מאי קסבר רבא אי קסבר מתנה על מנת להחזיר שמה מתנה אפילו כולהו נמי ואי קסבר לא שמה מתנה אפילו תרומה נמי לא

The Gemara asks: What does Rava maintain? If he maintains that a gift given on the condition that it is returned is called a gift, this should apply not only to teruma but even to all the other cases, i. e., it should be considered a valid gift in all of the above cases. And if he maintains that a gift of this kind is not called a gift, then even with regard to teruma it should not be considered a legitimate form of giving.

ועוד הא רבא הוא דאמר מתנה על מנת להחזיר שמה מתנה דאמר רבא הילך אתרוג זה על מנת שתחזירהו לי נטלו והחזירו יצא ואם לאו לא יצא

And furthermore, Rava is the one who says: A gift given on the condition that it is later returned is called a gift. As Rava said that if one says to another on the first day of the festival of Sukkot : Take this etrog on the condition that you return it to me, and the recipient takes it, recites a blessing over it, and returns it, he has fulfilled his obligation, despite the fact that one must own the etrog he uses for the mitzva on the first day of Sukkot . And if he does not return it he has not fulfilled his obligation, as he gave him the gift only on the condition that it would be returned. This indicates that in the opinion of Rava, a gift that is given on the condition that it is returned is considered a gift.

אלא אמר רב אשי בכולהו קני לבר מאשה לפי שאין אשה נקנית בחליפין אמר ליה רב הונא מר בריה דרב נחמיה לרב אשי הכי אמרינן משמיה דרבא כוותיך

Rather, Rav Ashi said: In all of these cases the gift is acquired, except for the betrothal of a woman, because a woman cannot be acquired by means of symbolic exchange. Rav Huna Mar, son of Rav Neḥemya, said to Rav Ashi: We say this in the name of Rava in accordance with your opinion, not in accordance with the previous ruling.

אמר רבא תן מנה לפלוני

§ Rava says that if a woman said to a man: Give one hundred dinars to so-and-so