עד מוצאי יום טוב האחרון של חג ואם התנה עליהם הכל לפי תנאו דלמא מן הצד

until the conclusion of the last day of the Festival. And if before he hung the decorations he stipulated with regard to them that he will be permitted to use them even during the Festival, everything is according to his stipulation, and he is permitted to use them. Apparently, sheets may indeed be spread in the sukka for decorative purposes. The Gemara rejects this: There is no proof from the Tosefta , as perhaps the reference is to sheets spread on the side of the sukka. However, if they are spread beneath the roofing, it renders the sukka unfit.

אתמר נויי סוכה אין ממעטין בסוכה אמר רב אשי ומן הצד ממעטין

§ Apropos decorations, it was stated: Sukka decorations do not diminish the height of the sukka. Decorations hanging from the roofing are not considered part of the structure and therefore do not diminish the height of the sukka. If the roofing is more than twenty cubits above the ground, the decorations hanging within twenty cubits of the ground do not render the sukka fit. Rav Ashi said: However, if the decorations are spread on the side of the roof, they are considered part of the structure and diminish the area. If the decorations render the interior of the sukka less than seven by seven handbreadths, the sukka is unfit.

מנימין עבדיה דרב אשי איטמישא ליה כתונתא במיא ואשתטחא אמטללתא אמר ליה רב אשי דלייה דלא לימרו קא מסככי בדבר המקבל טומאה והא קא חזו ליה דרטיבא לכי יבשה קאמינא לך

The Gemara relates with regard to Minyamin, the servant of Rav Ashi, that his shirt became wet [itamisha], and he spread it over the sukka to dry it. Rav Ashi said to him: Take it down so that people will not say that they are roofing the sukka with an item susceptible to ritual impurity. The servant said to him: But don’t they see that it is wet and understand that I placed it there to dry? Rav Ashi replied: Take it down once it is dry is what I am say ing to you, as then people are apt to think that it is part of the roofing.

אתמר נויי סוכה המופלגין ממנה ארבעה רב נחמן אמר כשרה רב חסדא ורבה בר רב הונא אמרי פסולה

It was stated with regard to sukka decorations, e. g., sheets spread beneath the roofing to decorate the sukka, that are removed from the roofing four handbreadths, the amora’im disagreed whether they interpose between the roofing and the sukka. Rav Naḥman said: The sukka remains fit. Rav Ḥisda and Rabba bar Rav Huna said: It is unfit.

רב חסדא ורבה בר רב הונא איקלעו לבי ריש גלותא אגנינהו רב נחמן בסוכה שנוייה מופלגין ממנה ארבעה טפחים אשתיקו ולא אמרו ליה ולא מידי אמר להו הדור בהו רבנן משמעתייהו אמרו ליה אנן שלוחי מצוה אנן ופטורין מן הסוכה

The Gemara relates that Rav Ḥisda and Rabba bar Rav Huna happened to come to the house of the Exilarch. Rav Naḥman, who was the official in charge of the Exilarch’s household, lodged them in a sukka whose decorations were removed from the roofing four handbreadths. They were silent and did not say anything to him, even though in their opinion the sukka was unfit. Rav Naḥman said to them: Did the Sages retract their halakhic ruling? Does your silence indicate that you concede to my ruling? They said to him: We are on the path to perform a mitzva and, therefore, we are exempt from the mitzva of sukka. Therefore, it is permitted for us to sleep in this sukka. In terms of the halakha, our ruling is unchanged.

אמר רב יהודה אמר שמואל מותר לישן בכילה בסוכה אף על פי שיש לה גג והוא שאינה גבוהה עשרה

Rav Yehuda said that Shmuel said: It is permitted to sleep in a bed with netting inside the sukka, even though the bed has a roof, provided that the netting is not more than ten handbreadths higher than the bed. In that case, the netting is not considered a tent in and of itself.

תא שמע הישן בכילה בסוכה לא יצא ידי חובתו הכא במאי עסקינן כשגבוהה עשרה

Come and hear: One who sleeps in a bed with netting inside the sukka did not fulfill his obligation, contrary to the statement that Rav Yehuda cited in the name of Shmuel. The Gemara answers: With what are we dealing here? It is a case where the netting is more than ten handbreadths higher than the bed and is considered a tent in and of itself.

מיתיבי הישן תחת המטה בסוכה לא יצא ידי חובתו הא תרגמה שמואל במטה גבוהה עשרה

The Gemara raises an objection from a mishna: One who sleeps beneath the bed in the sukka did not fulfill his obligation. As the height of a typical bed is less than ten handbreadths, apparently, even if the covering beneath which one is sleeping in less than ten handbreadths high, it is a tent in and of itself and he does not fulfill his obligation. The Gemara answers: Didn’t Shmuel interpret the mishna as referring to the case of a bed ten handbreadths high? Therefore, one who sleeps beneath the bed did not fulfill his obligation.

תא שמע או שפירס על גבי קינופות פסולה התם נמי דגביהי עשרה

Come and hear that which is taught in the mishna: Or if one spread a sheet as a canopy over the frame of a four-post bed, the area in the sukka beneath the sheet is unfit. Apparently, a bed with certain types of netting is unfit. The Gemara answers: There, too, it is a case where the posts are ten handbreadths high.

והא לא קתני הכי דתניא נקליטין שנים וקינופות ארבעה פירס על גבי קינופות פסולה על גבי נקליטין כשרה ובלבד שלא יהיו נקליטין גבוהין מן המטה עשרה מכלל דקינופות אף על פי שאין גבוהין עשרה

The Gemara asks: But that is not the way it is taught, as it is taught in the baraita: Naklitin are two posts and kinofot are four posts. If one spread a sheet over four posts, the area in the sukka beneath the sheet is unfit; if one did so over two posts the entire sukka is fit, provided the two posts are not ten handbreadths higher than the bed. This proves by inference that a sheet spread over four posts renders the area in the sukka beneath the sheet unfit even if it is not ten handbreadths high.

שאני קינופות דקביעי והרי סוכה על גבי סוכה דקביעא ואמר שמואל כהכשרה כך פסולה אמרי התם דלמפסל סוכה בעשרה הכא דלשויי אוהלא בציר מעשרה נמי הוי אוהלא

The Gemara answers: Four posts are different because they are fixed in the bed and constitute a significant space even without the requisite height. The Gemara asks: But a sukka atop another sukka is fixed, and yet Shmuel said: As the criterion for its fitness, so too is the criterion for its unfitness. The upper sukka renders the lower sukka unfit only if it is ten handbreadths high. The Sages say in distinguishing between the cases: There, in the case of a sukka atop another sukka, where the measurement is in order to disqualify the lower sukka, ten handbreadths are required to render the upper sukka a separate entity. However, here, in the case of the four-post bed, in order to consider the covering a tent, less than ten handbreadths is also considered to be a tent, as it is fixed.

אמר רב תחליפא בר אבימי אמר שמואל הישן בכילה ערום מוציא ראשו חוץ לכילה וקורא קריאת שמע

§ Rav Taḥalifa bar Avimi said that Shmuel said: One who sleeps naked in a bed with netting and is required to recite Shema moves his head out from beneath the netting and recites Shema . Although he is naked, the netting is considered like a garment; therefore, it is permitted to recite Shema .

מיתיבי הישן בכילה ערום לא יוציא ראשו חוץ לכילה ויקרא קריאת שמע הכא במאי עסקינן כשגבוהה עשרה

The Gemara raises an objection from a baraita: One who sleeps naked in a bed with netting may not move his head out from beneath the netting and recite Shema . The Gemara answers: With what are we dealing here? It is a case where the netting is ten handbreadths high. In that case, it is considered a tent and not a garment.

הכי נמי מסתברא מדקתני סיפא הא למה זה דומה לעומד בבית ערום שלא יוציא ראשו חוץ לחלון ויקרא קריאת שמע שמע מינה

The Gemara notes: So too, it is reasonable to understand the baraita in that manner from the fact that it is taught in the latter clause of that baraita: To what is this comparable? It is comparable to one standing naked in his house, that he may not move his head out the window and recite Shema . That is certainly ineffective. The fact that the baraita likens the bed with netting to a house indicates that it is netting at least ten handbreadths high. The Gemara concludes: Indeed, learn from it that this is the correct understanding.